Daminɛ
Bi, izini ka masinw be gwɛlɛya caaman sɔrɔ u ka baarakɛcogo la: u be gwɛlɛya caaman sɔrɔ, u ka funteni ka jugu ani u be yɔrɔ minw na, u tɛ yafa mɔgɔw ma. Jii fanga sisitɛmu kɔnɔ, pɔnpe, vanne, silindiri ani nɔrɔnan kelen kelen bɛɛ ka ɲi k’o fanga nunu muɲu fɔɔ ka taga se miliyɔn caaman ma k’a sɔrɔ u ma dɛsɛ. Saan tan caaman tɛmɛnin kɔ, u tun b’a miiri ko nɛgɛ min be bɔ karbɔni la, o be se ka baara caaman kɛ. Nka, komi izini ka baarakɛcogow ye teliya, degun ani kemikalifɛnw dancɛw yɛlɛma, laada nɛgɛw ka danyɔrɔw y’a yira ka gwɛ.
Ni fɛɛn minw be sɔrɔ boon kɔnɔ, n’u be nɔgɔ, n’u be tiɲɛ wala n’u be yɛlɛma, u be nɔgɔ misɛnninw don jikuruw ka tulu kɔnɔ, u be kɔnɔnafɛn sɔngɔ gwɛlɛw tiɲɛ ani u be baara dabila wagati dɔ la min tɛ se ka fɔ. Walisa k’o koo juguw ban, ɛnzeniyɛriw be to ka baara kɛ ni minanw lɔnni ye walisa ka fura sɔrɔ min bena to yen fɔɔ abada. Nɛgɛ sifa caaman minw be sɔrɔ, nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o lo be mɔgɔw ɲɛɛ na.
Ka nɛgɛ ɲumanba dɔ sugandi min tɛ yɛlɛma, a ka kɛ fɛn ye min be se ka yɛlɛma, adaptatɛri, vanne bloki, walima silindiri bere -o tɛ jati tugun i n’a fɔ nafolofɛn min tɛ mako ɲɛ. Nka, a kɛra fɛɛrɛ ye min ka kan ka kɛ baarakɛcogow kama minw be lannaya dafanin ɲini, nɔgɔ si tɛ don mɔgɔ la ani lakanali min be kɛ wagatijan kɔnɔ. Nin barokun be sɛgɛsɛgɛri kɛ mekaniki, kemikali ani sɔrɔko sababuw kan minw y’a to nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o kɛra sanu ye ka baara kɛ ni ji ye min be baara kɛ koɲuman -diɲɛ kuru bɛɛ kɔnɔ.
Nɛgɛko ɲuman: Mun lo b’a to nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o be dan na tɔɔw la?
Walisa k’a faamu fɛɛn min kama nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o ka fisa ni nɛgɛ wɛrɛw ye jii fanga dilanyɔrɔw la, mɔgɔ ka ɲi k’a filɛ koɲuman a ka kemikalifɛnw na. Nɛgɛ min be kɛ ni karbɔni ye, o tɛ i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ min be sɔrɔ karbɔni hakɛ dɔ la, nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o ye nɛgɛ, karbɔni, kɔrɔmu, nikɛli ani fɛɛn wɛrɛw ɲagaminin ye cogo tigitigi dɔ la.
Nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o ye kɔrɔmu ye, o min ka kan ka sɔrɔ a ka dɔgɔ ni 10,5 ye kɛmɛsarada la. Ni nɛgɛ nɔgɔnin be nɔgɔ ni jii la, a be kemikalifɛn dɔ tiɲɛ min be weele ko oksidi, o min be nɛgɛ oksidi wala nɔgɔ wuleman bɔ. Nɔgɔ wuleman be yɔrɔw bɔ ani a be pɛrɛn, o be to ka nɛgɛ kuraw bɔ yɔrɔw la fɔɔ ka taga se a ka boon lɔli ma pewu.
Chromium be o yɛlɛmani yɛlɛma pewu. Ni kɔrɔmu ni yɔrɔ min be nɔgɔ la, o be ɲɔgɔn minɛ, a be nɔgɔ sanfɛla dɔ bɔ min ka dɔgɔ kosɔbɛ ani a tɛ ye. O lo be weele ko layer passif. Komi o yɔrɔ min be nɛgɛ la, o tɛ-poro ye ani a be basigi kosɔbɛ, o be nɔgɔ ni jimanfɛnw bali ka don nɛgɛ kɔnɔ ka ɲɛ. Min ka jugu ka tɛmɛ o kan, o layiri ye yɛrɛ-kɛnɛyali ye; ni nɛgɛ min be jikuruw nɔrɔ ɲɔgɔn na, o yɔrɔ sɔgɔra wala sɔgɔra yɔrɔ dɔ labɛnni wagati la, kɔrɔmu min be kɛnɛma, o be ɲɔgɔn minɛ yɔrɔnin kelen ni fiɲɛ ye walisa ka yɔrɔ min latanga, o lɔ kokura.
Jii baara la, nɛgɛ fila minw ka ca ka kɛ, olu ye Austenitic stainless steels ye, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnniya la, nɛgɛ 304 ani 316. 304 be fanga ni nɔgɔ balili basigi ɲuman di. Nka, 316nan na, u be molibdɛni 2 wala 3 fara a kan kɛmɛ o kɛmɛ na. O nɛgɛko yɛlɛmani min be kɛ cogo nɔgɔman na, o be dɔ fara nɛgɛ ka setigiya kan kosɔbɛ ka se ka kemikalifɛnw kɛlɛ yɔrɔ dɔw la, o min b’a to a be kɛ sugandili ɲuman ye izini ka fɛɛrɛw fɛ minw be mɔgɔ ɲangi ka tɛmɛ tɔɔw bɛɛ kan.
Ka bɔ mekaniki dɔrɔn lo la, o nɛgɛw be se ka yɛlɛma ani k’u yɛlɛma cogo ɲuman na. U be se ka jikuruw ka yɛlɛmaniw minɛ minw ka teli ka kɛ -o ye yɛlɛmaniw ye minw be kɛ yɔrɔnin kelen ni vanne dɔ be pɛrɛnna-k’a sɔrɔ a ma yɛlɛma wala a ma pɛrɛn, o b’a to jii sira ka tilenninya be to a nɔɔ na.
Koroziyɔn kɛlɛli min ɲɔgɔn tɛ yen yɔrɔ gwɛlɛw la
Korozi ye jii fanga sisitɛmu sifa bɛɛ jugu fɔlɔ ye. A be juru porofayiliw dumu, ka dingɛw datugu yɔrɔw la, ani ka misɛnninw dilan minw be yiriwa ka kɛ ji bɔyɔrɔw ye minw ka fanga ka bon. Nɛgɛ min tɛ nɔgɔ bɔ, o b’a to a ka ɲi ka kɛ baarakɛyɔrɔ caaman na minw ka gwɛlɛ.
Miiri kɔgɔjida la petoroli ni gazi baara la wala baji kɔnɔ kurunw koo la. O fɛɛrɛw be baara kɛ fiɲɛ dɔ kɔnɔ min fanin be kɔgɔ, jii ani yeelenba UV la. Kɔgɔji be baara kɛ i n’a fɔ elekitoroliti jugu min be galvani ni fiɲɛw ka nɔgɔ teliya. O cogoyaw la, nɛgɛ min be kɛ ni zɛnki- ye ani a be se ka daminɛ ka dɛsɛ tagamasiɲɛw yira kalo damanin kɔnɔ. Nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o min dilanna ka bɔ 316nan na, o be se ka saan tan caaman kɛ baji kɔnɔ k’a sɔrɔ a ma tiɲɛ kosɔbɛ.
Ka fara o kan, baara caaman minw be kɛ izinibaara la, u b’a ɲini masinw kɛnɛmayɔrɔ fɛ u ka se ka muɲu tuma o tuma ni furakisɛw be ko ni fanga ye. Dumuniko baarakɛyɔrɔw la, furakisɛw dilanyɔrɔw la ani kemikalifɛnw dilanyɔrɔw la, u ka kan ka to ka asidi nɔgɔmanw ni furakisɛ girinmanw fiyɛ duguma walisa ka saniyako sariyaw labato. O saniyalanw be zɛnki wala nikɛli minw be nɛgɛ yɔrɔw latanga, u b’u bɔ joona joona ani o be kɛ sababu ye ka nɔgɔ bɔ joona joona. Nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, kemikali tɛ se ka don o iziniw ka saniyalanw fanba la, o b’a to a be se ka to yɔrɔ saniyanin na ani nɔgɔ tɛ yen hali n’a be to ka kemikalifɛnw don a la.
A laban, nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o be mɔgɔ tanga jii fagabaga dogoninw ma: yɔrɔ minw be nɔgɔ bɔ ani yɔrɔ minw be yɛlɛmayɛlɛma. Pitting be kɛ ni nɛgɛ ka yɔrɔ misɛnninw be tiɲɛ, o min be dingɛ misɛnninw bɔ minw be don yɔrɔ minw na, u be don kogow kɔnɔ ni fanga ye. Fɛɛn minw be ɲɔgɔn minɛ, u be sɔrɔ yɔrɔ minw na jii lɔnin be ɲɔgɔn minɛ yɔrɔ minw na. Molibdɛni min be nɛgɛ gwansan 316 kɔnɔ, o be fanga di o yɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw ka tiɲɛni ma, o min b’a to nɛgɛdaga kɔnɔnafɛnw be to nɔgɔman na ani u tɛ bɔn.
Funteni fanga: Ka bɔ -Fu la ka taga se -Funteniba ma
Tuma caaman na, u be jikuruw weele ka baara kɛ yɔrɔ minw na funteni be yɛlɛma ka taga yɔrɔ minw na. Masini dɔ tun be se k’a ka sɔgɔma kɛ ka baara kɛ jagokɛyɔrɔ ka konjaki kɔnɔ wala artiki yɔrɔ dɔ la, ani a ka wulafɛla tun be bila izini ka fanibugu dɔ gɛrɛfɛ wala yɔrɔ dɔ la min be funteni bɔ kosɔbɛ. Nɛgɛ minw be se ka yɛlɛma, olu be bonya, u be dɔgɔya ani u be yɛlɛma kosɔbɛ o funteni yɛlɛmaniw kɔrɔ, k’a sɔrɔ nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o be to a nɔɔ na cogo kabakoman na.
Lamini minw ka funteni ka ca -, nɛgɛ caaman be daminɛ ka nɔgɔya, u be bɔnɛ u ka fanga la min be se ka yɛlɛma. O fanga dɔgɔyali be dɔ bɔ baarakɛcogo fanga la, o min b’a to ɛnzeniyɛriw b’u ka masinw de-rate walisa ka yɔrɔ dɔ fiyɛ. Nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, a ka yɔrɔw n’a ka baarakɛcogo be to a nɔɔ na n’a ka funteni be tɛmɛ degere 800 kan. O funteni muɲuli jugu b’a to jikuruw minw be motɛriw, tɛrɛnw wala nɛgɛ yɛlɛmaninw gɛrɛfɛ, olu be se ka baara kɛ tuma bɛɛ k’a sɔrɔ farati tɛ funteni- sababu la.
Conversely, ultra-low temperatures present an entirely different engineering hazard known as the ductile-to-brittle transition. When standard carbon steel drops below a certain sub-zero temperature, its crystalline structure shifts, causing it to lose its elasticity. Under these freezing conditions, a sudden mechanical impact or a routine pressure spike can cause the brittle steel to instantly shatter like glass.
Ostenitiki nɛgɛw tɛ ni yɛlɛmayɔrɔ ye min be se ka yɛlɛma ka bɔ -ka -ka yɛlɛma. U be fanga ɲuman mara ani u be se ka yɛlɛma hali ni funteni be yɔrɔ minw na, o b’a to u be kɛ sugandili ye min ka ɲi ka kɛ fɛnw ye minw be baara kɛ yɔrɔ minw na yɔrɔ minw ka gwɛlɛ kosɔbɛ wala minw be baara kɛ ni gazi jilamanw ye.
Ka fara o kan, komi nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, a ka funteni bonya hakɛ ka dɔgɔ ni nɛgɛw ye i n’a fɔ aliminiyɔmu wala zira, a farikolo tɛ yɛlɛma dɔɔni dɔɔni funteni yɛlɛmani telimanw na. O dimensiyɔn basigili b’a to yɔrɔ tigitigi minw be ɲɔgɔndan juruw ni elastomeriki nɛgɛw cɛ, u be to ka kɛ kelen ye, o min be mikoro-yɔrɔ minw be to ka kasi bɔ, olu bɔ yen n’u be to ka yɛlɛma teliya la.
Sanuya, lakana ani sigida sabatili
Ka fara a ka nafaw dɔrɔn kan, nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o be baarakɛcogo nafaw di minw ɲɛsinna saniyako, adamadenw ka lafiya ma ani bi lamini sabatili ma.
Dumunifɛnw, minfɛnw ani furakɛli baarakɛyɔrɔw la, fɛnw saniyako tɛ -ɲɔgɔnye ye. Nɛgɛ minw be kɛ ni karbɔni ye, hali n’u be nɔrɔ ɲɔgɔn na, u be se ka kɛ ni yɔrɔ misɛnninw ye banakisɛw, nɔgɔw ani jii tulu kɔrɔw be se ka dogo yɔrɔ minw na ani ka caya. Ni kɛnɛma kofɛn dɔ ye karbɔni nɛgɛ min be ni zɛnki ye, o yɔrɔ dɔ tigɛ, o nɛgɛ yɔrɔ be se ka ben dumuni dilanyɔrɔ dɔ la ani o be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka mɔgɔw hakili jigi fɛɛn jugu dɔ la. Nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o yɔrɔ nɔgɔnin lo, a tɛ -pɔrɔsi, ani a be yɔrɔ kelen na min be se ka biyɔlozi nɔrɔ ɲɔgɔn na. A be se ka nɔgɔya nɔgɔya la ni funteni ye min ka fanga ka bon wala ni furakisɛ gwɛlɛw ye k’a sɔrɔ farati t’a la a ka funu, ka funu wala ka fura laban nɔgɔ.
Ka bɔ lakanali ta fan fɛ, nɛgɛ min be kɛ ni ji ye, o yɔrɔ ka tilenninya be adamadenw ka niin tanga ka ɲɛ. Ni jii nɔgɔman dɔ dɛsɛra psi waa caaman jukɔrɔ, a t’a bɔ jii dɔrɔn na; a be se ka jii bɔ min ka teli kosɔbɛ-min be se ka don baarakɛgan girinmanw na minw be kɛ ni golo ye ani adamaden farigolo la. O be weele ko joginni min be kɛ ni jii pikiri ye, ani a be faratibaw dɔ lo yira iziniw ladonni na. Komi nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o be se ka nɔgɔ, sɛgɛsɛgɛri ani lamini nɔgɔya cogo ɲuman na, jatebɔw b’a yira ko nɛgɛ min be se ka yɛlɛma yɔrɔnin kelen, k’a sɔrɔ a ma fɔ ka ɲɛ, o be dɔgɔya kosɔbɛ, o min be baarakɛyɔrɔ lafiyaman di minanw baarakɛlaw ma minw be gɛrɛfɛ.
A laban, an ka kan ka jateminɛ kɛ bi tile lamini sabatili ni ɲɛnamaya nafa kan. Nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o tɛ baga ye pewu ani a tɛ nɛgɛ girinmanw wala kemikɛlifɛn juguw bɔ dugukolo wala jii lamini na ni jii nɔgɔnin dɔ bɔra. Ka fara o kan, a be se ka labɛn kokura kɛmɛ o kɛmɛ na. Ni masin girinman dɔ labanna ka se a ka baarakɛwaati laban ma, a nɛgɛdaga be se ka yɛlɛma ani ka baara kɛ n’a ye tugun ka kɛ izini ka baarakɛminan kura ye min ka ɲi kosɔbɛ k’a sɔrɔ a ka minanw tɛ tiɲɛ.
Ɛnsɛniyeri ani nɛgɛdaga sigicogo ɲumanw
Walisa ka baarakɛcogo ɲuman ni sii jan bɔ nɛgɛ jimanfɛnw na, ɛnzeniyɛriw ni baarakɛlaw ka ɲi ka tugu sariya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnin damanin kɔ minw ɲɛsinna u lɔcogo n’u ladoncogo ma.
Gɛlɛya min ka bon ka tɛmɛ nɛgɛ fɛnw lajɛnni kan, o ye mekaniki koo dɔ ye min be weele ko thread galling, wala cold welding. Ni nɛgɛdaga fila-i n’a fɔ cɛɛ nɛgɛdaga ani muso nɛgɛdaga-nɔrɔnin lo ɲɔgɔn na ni fanga ye, nɛgɛdaga be se ka nɛgɛdaga mikorosikopi min be nɛgɛdaga yɛlɛma, o bɔ yen. Ni o yɔrɔ tɛ yen, nɛgɛ nɔgɔnin minw be juru minw be ɲɔgɔn minɛ, olu be se ka ɲɔgɔn mɔmɔ ka ɲɛ, o be funteniba bɔ ani o be kɛ sababu ye ka juru nunu ɲɔgɔn minɛ farikolo ta fan fɛ. Ni fɛɛrɛkɛla dɔ tora k’o juru siri ni yɛlɛyɛlɛnan ye fanga la, juru nunu bena bɔ pewu, ani o bena yɔrɔ fila bɛɛ tiɲɛ.
Walisa ka juru bali ka sɔgɔ, fɛɛrɛtigɛlaw ka ɲi ka furakisɛ ɲuman dɔ kɛ tuma bɛɛ min be se ka juru minɛ wala tulu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnin dɔ min dilanna kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnin na ka kɛ nɛgɛ gwansanw ye. O fɛn min be ɲɔgɔn minɛ, o be baara kɛ i n’a fɔ farikolo barinan min be ɲɔgɔn sɔsɔ n’u be ɲɔgɔn sɔgɔra, o b’a to juru be don ɲɔgɔn na cogo ɲuman na ani k’a to u be se ka bɔ ɲɔgɔn na nɔgɔman na n’u be baara kɛra loon nataw la.
Ka fara o kan, ɛnzeniyɛriw ka ɲi ka to k’u janto nɛgɛw nɔgɔli la n’u be nɛgɛ ɲagaminin- dilan. Galvaniki nɔgɔ be kɛ ni nɛgɛ fila minw tɛ kelen ye, olu be ɲɔgɔn minɛ ɲɔgɔn na yɔrɔnin kelen ni elekitoroliti dɔ be yen i n’a fɔ jii. Komi nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, o siginin be yɔrɔjan kosɔbɛ nɛgɛdaga kan, n’i y’a fara nɛgɛ nɔgɔman dɔ kan i n’a fɔ aliminiyɔmu, o be se k’a to aliminiyɔmu kɔnɔfɛn be nɔgɔ joona ani ka tiɲɛ. Walisa ka sisitɛmu lafiya sabati, a ɲini tuma bɛɛ k’i ka minanw bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma jii sira bɛɛ kan, wala ka baara kɛ ni non-conductive isolation barriers ye walisa ka kuran bali ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ nɛgɛ minw tɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma.
Kuma laban
Ni i be jii barikaman dɔ dilan wala k’a ladon, a be se ka kɛ i n’a fɔ i be sinsin fɛɛn minw san joona joona dɔrɔn. Nka, baarakɛcogo ɲuman sɔbɛ be suma masin ka ɲɛnamaya kuru bɛɛ kɔnɔ. Hali ni minanw be se ka san fɔlɔ la, u sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ, u ka teli ka nɔgɔ, u ka funteni barika ka dɔgɔ ani u ka lamini be tiɲɛ, o be laban k’a to u be sɔngɔ gwɛlɛya k’u yɛlɛma, ka tulu nɔgɔ ani k’u ka baara wagati tiɲɛ.
Ka nɛgɛ min be baara kɛ koɲuman, o don i ka masin kɔnɔ, o be nɛgɛ lafasali di o sisitɛmu gɛlɛyaw ma. A ka yɛrɛ-kɛnɛyali yɔrɔ min tɛ se ka yɛlɛma, a ka se ka furakisɛ juguw ni jii kɔgɔninw kɛlɛ, a ka basigi min ɲɔgɔn tɛ yen funteni hakɛbaw la, ani a ka saniyako ɲuman, nɛgɛ min tɛ yɛlɛma, ale kelen lo be lɔ i n’a fɔ minɛn fɔlɔ min be sugandi bi tile baarakɛyɔrɔw la minw be baara ɲini. Ni baarakɛyɔrɔw b’u yɛrɛ di nɛgɛko ɲuman ma ani ka tugu nɛgɛko ɲumanw kɔ, u be se k’a to u ka jii be se ka bɔ -, fanga b’a la ani u be baara kɛ lafiya la saan tan caaman kɔnɔ.
